Lithium Batteries

The terms lithium cells or lithium batteries includes both lithium metal and lithium ion chemistries. Lithium metal batteries are generally non-rechargeable and are sometimes referred to as primary lithium batteries. Lithium ion batteries are rechargeable and are often found in common electronic devices.

Lithium batteries are designed to provide high levels of power. Because of this, they can generate high levels of heat if short circuited. In addition, the chemical contents of the batteries may catch fire if damaged.

On August 6, 2014, PHMSA published Final Rule 79 FR 46012, which updates the transportation of lithium batteries. The rule revises the HMR to be more consistent with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria as well as the ICAO's Technical Instructions and the IMDG. The harmonization of these regulations reduces the burden on shippers who have previously had to comply with different regulatory requirements depending on the method of transportation, and increases the safety of transporting lithium batteries.

This new rule consolidates the lithium battery regulations into one section of the HMR, 49 CFR 173.185. Compliance with these requirements is mandatory as of February 6, 2015.

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