Class 9 - Lithium Batteries

A battery contains two or more cells that are electrically connected and fitted with devices necessary for use, such as a case, terminals, and protective devices.

A battery cell is defined as a single encased electrochemical unit, with one positive and one negative electrode, which exhibits a voltage differential across its two terminals. Batteries are commonly transported by air, alone, or encased in electronic devices.

There are a number of different types of batteries with specific regulations. For example, wet cell batteries, such as car batteries, are covered in Class 8 Corrosives. Lithium batteries, which are commonly used in small, portable electronic devices, are covered in Class 9 Miscellaneous, and stricter regulations were imposed in 2013.

The term lithium battery refers to a family of batteries with different chemistries, comprising many types of cathodes and electrolytes. They differ from other batteries in the high charge density, which means they have a long lifespan, and high cost per unit. Lithium batteries are separated into two main categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries.

• Lithium metal batteries are generally primary (non-rechargeable) batteries that have lithium metal or lithium compounds as an anode. They are used to power devices such as watches, calculators, cameras, and temperature data loggers.
• Lithium ion batteries are secondary (rechargeable) batteries in which the lithium ions move between the anode and the cathode. These batteries are commonly used in mobile phones and laptop computers.

To learn more about Multimodal Shipping visit our Multimodal DOT, IATA & IMDG HAZMAT Shipping Online Training web page.