Plasticizers Exposure

The most common way humans are exposed to bisphenols and phthalates is through contact with food or liquids stored in containers that includes these chemicals. Humans are also exposed by dust inhalation and through skin absorption.

Bisphenols and phthalates have been detected in the urine of most people tested. The body eliminates bisphenols and phthalates chemicals very quickly. Therefore, this high level of detection indicates that the exposure to hormone disruptors is ubiquitous and continuous.

Bisphenols are used in the following types of plastic products:

• Water bottles
• Food storage containers and packaging
• Sports equipment
• Compact discs
• Epoxy resin liners of aluminum cans
• Cash register receipts

Phthalates are found in some polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic products, including the following:

• Vinyl flooring
• Shower curtains
• Toys
• Plastic wrap
• Food packaging and containers
• Glues, caulks, and moldings
• Paints
• Personal care products
• Air fresheners

Another type of plastic product widely used in the United States is polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC is a widely used (but highly criticized) building material. In the United States, "66 percent of the water distribution pipes and 75 percent of sewage pipes are constructed from PVC." PVC is so common because of its ability to create permanent and virtually leak-free joints.

PVC is also often used in the following products:

• Insulation of electrical wires
• Window and door frames
• Piping used for plumbing
• Roofing and ceiling membranes
• Gutters and downspouts
• Building siding

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