Basic Concepts

Ergonomics is the science of designing tools and arranging the workplace so that people can work efficiently and safely. Ergonomics looks at the physical stresses of a job, as well as environmental factors that can affect human comfort and health.

Neutral posture refers to the resting position of each joint, the position where there is no stress or tension upon the nerves, tendons, muscles, or bones. It also means that the muscles are not contracted or extended. Here are some descriptions of neutral postures for different parts of the body:

• Fingers- slightly curved, not spread apart
• Wrist- in line with the forearm and not bent up, down, or sideways
• Forearm- at rest with the thumb up
• Elbow- angle between forearm and upper arm is close to 90 degrees
• Upper Arm- hanging straight down from shoulder
• Neck- positioned above the shoulders, looking straight ahead
• Back- a slightly S-shaped curvature without twisting to right or left
• Lower body- hip and knees slightly bent

As you can see from the descriptions above, even standing or sitting at a desk can involve deviations from neutral posture and put pressures on joints and muscles.

To learn more about Construction Ergonomics visit our Construction Ergonomics Online Training web page.