Key Terms

Ergonomics is the science of designing tools and arranging the workplace so that people can work efficiently and safely. Ergonomics looks at the physical stresses of a job, as well as environmental factors that can affect human comfort and health.

A computer workstation refers to the computer and any equipment in the environment around it. This includes:

• Furniture - desk, chair, table or other work surface
• Computer equipment - laptop, monitor or display, keyboard, mouse, trackball
• Accessories - document holder, footrest, telephone, wrist rests, reference books
• Ambient surroundings - noise, lighting, glare, temperature, static electricity

Neutral posture refers to the resting position of each joint - the position where there is no stress or tension upon the nerves, tendons, muscles, or bones. It also means that the muscles are not contracted or extended. Here are some descriptions of neutral postures for different parts of the body:

• Fingers - slightly curved, not spread apart
• Wrist - in line with the forearm and not bent up, down, or sideways
• Forearm - at rest with the thumb up
• Elbow - angle between forearm and upper arm is close to 90 degrees
• Upper arm - hanging straight down from the shoulder
• Neck - positioned above the shoulders, looking straight ahead
• Back - a slightly S-shaped curvature without twisting to the right or left
• Lower body - hips and knees slightly bent

As you can see from the descriptions above, even standing or sitting at a desk can involve deviations from neutral posture and can put pressure on joints and muscles.

To learn more about Office Ergonomics visit our Office Ergonomics Online Training web page.