Cadmium
Cadmium is a soft, malleable, bluish white metal found in zinc ores. Common industrial uses for cadmium today are in batteries, alloys, coatings, solar cells, plastic stabilizers, and pigments. Cadmium and its compounds are highly toxic. Exposure to this metal is known to cause cancer and targets the body's cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, neurological, reproductive, and respiratory systems.
OSHA estimates that 300,000 workers are exposed to cadmium in the United States per year. Workers can be exposed to cadmium by breathing in dusts, fumes, or mists.
OSHA 29 CFR 1915.1027 covers the safe use and handling of cadmium in the maritime industry.
The standard exposure limit is 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (5 µg/m3), calculated as an eight-hour TWA. Engineering and work practice controls must be implemented to reduce exposure. Respirators are required when engineering and work practice controls are not feasible. The action level is defined as an airborne concentration of cadmium of 2.5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (2.5 µg/m3), calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA).
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