Ensuring Safety - Hazardous Fumes and Gases

The hot work process produces visible smoke that contains harmful metal fumes and gas by-products. Brazers, welders, and their coworkers must all be protected from these hazards. Various factors affect worker exposure to dangerous fumes and gases, including the type of welding process, the base metal and filler metals used, and the welding rod composition. The location of the work (outside versus in an enclosed space), air movement, and welder work practices also play a role.

Short-term exposure to welding fumes and gases can result in eye, nose, and throat irritation; dizziness; and nausea. If any of these are experienced, the worker should leave the work area immediately, seek fresh air, and obtain medical attention. Prolonged exposure to welding fumes can cause lung damage and various types of cancer. Certain fumes can cause various other long-term physical conditions, and some can lead to suffocation, especially when hot work is performed in confined spaces.

Worker knowledge of potential hazards and how to avoid them is important. Ventilation is a key consideration, and welding must not be performed in confined spaces without adequate ventilation. OSHA regulations provide guidelines for ensuring safety around hazardous fumes, gases, and other substances at 29 CFR 1915 Subpart Z.

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